Isolation, Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Strains in Albania from Carcasses in Layers, Turkeys and Ducks

SONILA ÇOÇOLI1*, TANA KIKA1, JONIDA BOCI2, MANJOLA KULIÇI3, NIKOLA PUVACA4, PRANVERA CABELI1, NATALIA SHOSHI1 AND ANTONIO CAMARDA5

1 Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Rruga: “Pajsi Vodica”, KodërKamëz, Tirana, Albania
2 Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Rruga: “Aleksandër Moisiu” 82, Tirana, Albania
3 Food and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Rruga: “Pajsi Vodica”, Kodër-Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
4 Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Cvecarska 2, 20100 Novi Sad, Serbia
5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Sp. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy

* Corresponding author; E-mail: scocoli@ubt.edu.al

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Abstract

Salmonellosis is a frontrunner in food-borne diseases with emerging public health concerns. Specific species of Salmonella genius present an important poultry and human pathogen. The present study was undertaken in the aim of prevalence detection and antibiogram results estimation in relation to clinical findings in two poultry and one waterfowl species. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 15 (19.4%) of 77 examined poultry carcasses samples. High prevalence of Salmonellosis infection was encountered in turkeys (53,33%), followed by ducks (26, 67%) and layers (20%). All Salmonella isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 8 selected antimicrobial agents Neomycin (N 30 mcg), Florfenicol (FFC 30 mcg), Amoxicillin (AX 30 mcg), Oxytetracycline (OTC 30 mcg), Norfloxacin (NOR 30 mcg), Enrofloxacin (ENR 10 mcg), Doxycycline (DO 30 mcg) and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (SXT 25 mcg) by the agar diffusion method. The overall resistance level was valued as 81, 67%. Out of 15 Salmonella isolates, 4 (26, 67%) showed multiple resistance to three or more different tested antimicrobials. Resistance levels in ducks were emerging (100%) toward all of the tested molecules. Emerging high levels of antibiotic-resistance in Salmonella isolates ranged from 100% to 46,67% (respectively: Neomycin 100%, Doxycycline 100%, Amoxycillin 100%, Oxytetracycline 100%, Trimethoprim – Sulfamethoxazole 100%, Neomycin 80%, Florfenicol 80%, Enrofloxacin 46, 67% and Norfloxacin 46,67%). The results of the conducted research presented higher prevalence of Salmonellosis in free-range breaded poultry (turkeys and ducks) and high antimicrobial rates in ducks. On the other hand, the prevalence of Salmonellosis in layers still remains a concern of food-borne pathogens in food safety chain. Consequently, this study is vital to reveal infection persistence and drug resistance characteristics of Salmonella spp. from all of the poultry species which will lay the foundation for follow-up studies of infection persistence and drug resistance mechanisms spread in farm and off-farm environment level.

Keywords: Keywords: Salmonella spp.; antibiotic-resistance; poultry; ducks; Albania.